深深的海洋 Deep Sea
这不是从太空来的造访者 These are not visitors from an alien planet.
也不是科幻小说中的怪物 Nor are they science fiction.
它们是真的 They are real.
我们自己世界里的生物 Creatures of our own world.
它们的命运 And their destiny...
同我们息息相关 ...is linked to ours.
珊瑚礁从加勒比海海底升起绵延数百米 Coral mountains rise more than half a mile from the floor of the Caribbean Sea.
它们有数以十亿计的珊瑚历经千百年 They were built, inch by inch, over centuries...
一点一点的生成 ...by billions of coral animals.
但不是珊瑚独自建成的 But the animals didn't do it alone.
细小的植物生活在珊瑚里 Tiny plants living inside the coral...
从阳光吸取能量也成了珊瑚的食物 ...capture energy from the sun to make its food.
植物和珊瑚 Neither plant nor coral...
离了谁都不能活 ...can survive without the other.
这就是关键 And that's the key:
整个珊瑚礁社区就是建立在关系上 The whole reef community is built on relationships.
小鱼生活在这里 Little fish live here.
而大鱼要吃小鱼 And big fish eat little fish.
它是一条近百斤重的黑鲶鱼 He's a 100-pound black grouper.
总处于饥饿状态 And he's always hungry.
但社区要保持平衡 But for the community to remain in balance...
猎物也需要公平的生存机会 ...the prey needs a fair chance at survival too.
而大自然自有妙招来平衡强弱 And nature provides some ingenious ways to even the odds.
以鲾鱼为例 Take the frogfish.
为了躲避掠猎者它看上去像海绵 He hides from predators by looking like a sponge.
在这样的伪装下 In this disguise...
鲾鱼以逸待劳 ...The frogfish can sit back and attract lunch...
只用额头上的鱼竿就钓了一顿午餐 ...with a fishing pole mounted on his forehead.
闪亮的小鱼群 Glassy minnows.
像流动的水银 Like quicksilver.
暗礁上的黑鲶鱼想捕捉一条 That black grouper on the ledge is hoping to catch one.
鱼群起舞银光闪烁自有其道理 The shimmering school dances for good reason.
黑鲶鱼很难找准目标 It's very hard for the grouper to isolate a single minnow.
往往以失败告终 And he often fails.
世界上没有其他任何地方有如此繁多的物种 There's more diversity here than anywhere else on Earth.
从最小的鱼虾 And every single citizen, from the tiniest fish...
到凶猛的虎鲨 每个成员都必须依赖他人生存 ...to the ferocious tiger shark, must depend upon others to survive.
捕猎者与猎物之间的平衡总是在变化 The balance between predator and prey is always shifting.
但社区仍保持健康和完善…… But the community stays healthy and whole...
其原因是在繁多的物种中间存在各种不同的关系 ...because there are so many different relationships between so many species.
有时连珊瑚自己也成了猎物 Sometimes even the coral itself is prey.
刺冠海星以珊瑚为食 The crown-of-thorns sea star, he eats coral.
过多的刺冠海星会吃掉整个珊瑚礁 Too many of these could wipe out an entire reef.
大法螺捕食海星 The triton trumpet snail hunts sea stars.
虽然大法螺是瞎子 Although the snail is almost blind...
但能嗅到海星的踪迹 ...it can smell the sea star's trail.
海星的刺充满毒液 Those nasty thorns are full of venom.
但大法螺对此有免疫力 But the snail is immune.
那是什么呢？这个管状器官 What's that? It's called a proboscis.
大法螺用它钻穿海星的厚皮 And he'll use it to drill through the stars leathery hide.
然后射入毒液使海星从里到外溶解 Then he'll inject a venom, that will dissolve the sea star from the inside out.
这样大法螺有助保护珊瑚 So the triton trumpet snail helps save the coral.
从而维系珊瑚礁生态系统的平衡 And that helps keep the reef's eco system in balance.
甚至你以为彼此为仇敌的不同物种 Even different species you'd think would be enemies...
时常也互相帮助 ...often help each other.
这里是个清洁站 This is a cleaning station.
类似于皮肤病诊所 A sort of a dermatology clinic.
蛰蛎斑是病人 The spotted coney is the patient.
小清工虾虎鱼游过身旁 The little cleaner gobies move over his skin...
清除并吃掉它皮肤上的寄生虫 ...removing and eating parasites.
两种动物相互受益 Both species benefit.
这叫做共生现象 It's called symbiosis.
另外一个清洁站 Another cleaning station.
要是换在其他地方 Away from this spot...
大鲶鱼会生吞了这小小的红普提鱼 ...the barracuda might swallow the little Spanish hogfish whole.
但大鲶鱼在接受清洁时似乎宣告了休战 When he's being cleaned, the barracuda seems to call a truce.
清洁站是个禁猎区 The cleaning station is a sanctuary.
绿海龟喜欢到夏威夷岛附近的这个珊瑚礁来 Green sea turtles love coming to this reef near the island of Hawaii.
这里好似海底浴场 It's sort of an undersea spa.
尽管只有客厅一般大 Amazingly, it's only the size of a living room.
他们仍能从几十公里外赶来 But even coming from miles away...
准确地找到这个点 真是不可思议 ...they somehow manage to find this special spot.
海藻积累在龟壳上会使他们的速度减慢 When algae accumulates on their shells, it can really slow them down.
珊瑚礁的鱼儿们帮他们擦洗干净 But the reef fish give them a good scrub.
作为回报海龟则给鱼儿们一餐健康的素食 In exchange, the turtles give the reef fish a healthy vegetarian feast.
有些海龟等不及了 Some don't even wait their turn.
它们硬挤进来抢走为同伴搓澡的鱼群 They swoop in close to other turtles to steal away the school.
海龟们洗澡后容光焕发掉头返程 With her shell beautifully polished, she now returns to her migrations,
游向千里之外的茫茫大海 which may take her thousands of miles away, through the trackless open sea.
这里水母在湛蓝的海水里漂浮 Where jellyfish drift through liquid skies.
这种搏动就是他在游泳 That pulsing is how it swims.
每一次搏动也吸入小的动物 Each pulse also forces tiny animals inward...
震晕的小动物被水母吞食 ...where they are stunned and consumed.
数千种不同的水母 Thousands of different species of jellyfish ride the currents...
随波飘荡 ...like sailors in a gale.
绝大多数都是独自旅行 Most are solitary travelers.
但海月水母有时会聚集一堂数量惊人 But moon jellies sometimes swarm together in astonishing numbers.
它们还不知道下面有什么在等着它们 They know not what lies in wait below.
一只巨大的怪物水母张开宽十来米 A monster jellyfish ensnares them in a venomous web...
含有剧毒的罗网把它们包围 ...that can stretch more than 30 feet across.
带刺的触须慢慢地把它们拖入半透明的身体内 The stinging filaments slowly drag them in toward the translucent bell...
然后溶解消化 ...where they will be dissolved and digested.
因为某种神秘的原因 For some mysterious reason...
它被叫作煎蛋水母 ...it's called the fried egg jellyfish.
洋流可以把加利福尼亚 Ocean currents can sweep entire kelp forests...
海峡周围岛屿的整片海藻林卷走带入大海 ...away from California's Channel islands and out into the open sea.
漂流的海藻林成 The drifting kelp rafts are a favorite gathering place...
海洋中一种最奇特的生物聚会地点 ...for one of the strangest creatures in the ocean.
它就是翻车鱼 It's called a Mola mola.
这条翻车鱼约长1.5米 This one's about 5 feet scross.
但可以长到2000公斤 But he can grow to more than 4000 pounds...
它基本上以轻飘的水母为食 Mostly on a gossamer diet of jellyfish.
但翻车鱼到这里来不是觅食 But Molas don't come here for food.
它们是来等加州金蟹鱼为他们做清洗的 They come here to be cleaned by halfmoon perch.
这里是公海清洁站 It's a cleaning station in the open sea.
看上去好像全家大小都来了 looks like this time, the entire family came along.
洋流对海洋生物是至关重要的,就好比雨水对陆地生物一样 Currents are as vital to life underwater as rain is to life on land.
沿着北太平洋海岸 Along the North Pacific Coast...
洋流把养料从海洋深处带上水面滋养了茂密的浮游生物 They sweep nutrients up from the depths to nourish a dense growth of plankton.
阳隧足已经感觉到洋流的到来.张开蛇一样的臂膀捕捉送来的佳肴 The basket star has sensed the current, and opens serpentine arms to snare passing tidbits.
藤壶也在尽情享用 Barnacles are feasting too.
它们伸出毛绒绒的小腿捕捉食物 They stick out their furry little legs to catch food.
附着在海带上半透明的东西是一种裸腮目软体动物 The translucent creatures clinging to the kelp...
俗称海牛 ...are called nudibranchs.
海牛有上千种不同的种类 They come in a thousand varieties.
它的近亲是花园里常见的鼻涕虫 They're close relatives of the common garden slug...
但要漂亮的多 ...but much more beautiful.
这是有帽子的海牛 These are hooded nudibranchs.
它用帽子舀水 They use their hoods to scoop in water...
慢慢地将水挤干留下食物 ...then slowly squeeze out all but the food.
海羽星毛绒绒的触手有助梳理出食物 The hairy arms of feather stars are great for combing out food.
紧要关头 But in a pinch...
更有助于逃离捕猎者 ...they're even better for escaping from marauders.
捕猎者是向日葵海星 The marauder is a sun star...
它想吃海羽星 如果能抓到的话 ...and it will eat a feather star if it can catch one.
但它更想吃多汁的贝类 But it much prefers to dine on juicy shellfish...
尤其是扇贝 ...especially sea scallops.
那个扇贝反咬一口啦 Did that one bite back?
好一个你追我赶的情景 What an intriguing landscape.
这里表现的是捕猎者和猎物之间最最奇怪的一种关系 It's home to one of the oddest relationships ever between a predator and its prey.
实际上这是一种叫做管海葵动物的森林 It's actually a forest of animals known as tube anemones.
它们利用藏在触须里的刺细胞来保护自己 They protect themselves with stinging cells hidden in their tentacles.
但有一个捕猎者垂涎这些刺细胞 But there's a predator who covets those stingers.
它是彩虹海牛 It's a rainbow nudibranch.
是个小偷 And he's a thief.
它吃管海葵的触须 He eats tube anemone tentacles.
但它不能消化刺细胞 But he doesn't digest the stinging cells.
就将它们送到自己背上毛毛的腮里 Instead, he'll pass them on into the feathery gills on his back...
让它们在那里继续生长 ...where they continue to live.
利用偷来的刺细胞保护自己 So now the stolen stingers protect him.
向日葵海星回来了 The sun star is back...
要吞食海牛包括它偷来的毒刺 ...and he'll devour a nudibranch, stolen venom and all.
但像任何高明的小偷一样 But like any good thief...
海牛自有其逃生计划 ...the nudibranch has a getaway plan.
肚腹鱼 The Irish lord.
它能掩过自己的敌人和猎物的耳目 He can hide from his enemies and his prey.
蟹要藏身就不那么容易了 It's not so easy for the crab to hide.
但它有防身的武器 But he has great defenses.
利钳和硬壳 Sharp pincers and a rock-hard shell.
肚腹鱼未免有些眼大肚皮小啊 The Irish lord may have bitten off more than he can chew .
在咽下晚饭前 Before he can swallow his dinner...
必须先让螃蟹钳子从上嘴唇松开. ...the crab will have to release that death grip on his upper lip.
现在我们来近距离的观察 And now, a rare close-up look...
加州螳螂虾的生活 ...at the domestic life of the California mantis shrimp.
它只有10英寸长 He's only 10 inches long...
但它可比看上去强壮的多 ...but he's much stronger than he looks.
它正在采集遗贝作晚餐 He's gathering mussels for dinner.
它的爪子非常有力 He's got incredibly powerful claws.
事实上那些爪子的速度跟手枪子弹一样快 In fac, those claws are as fast as a 22-caliber bullet.
这样使得它成为世界上同样大小的动物中最威猛的一个 That makes him the most powerful animal, for his size, in the world.
它用爪当锤砸开遗贝 He's using his claw like a hammer to smash open the mussel.
现在它又出去抓更多的 Now he's off to grab some more.
不好,麻烦来了 Here comes trouble.
藏在洞里可不安全 He won't be safe in his burrow.
如果它被困在里面 If he's cornered there...
章鱼会喷出毒液来杀死它 ...the octopus can inject a poison that will kill him.
有迹象告诉我们它不会善罢甘休 Something tells me he won't go down without a fight.
它摆出警告对方的姿势 His display is a warning:
“别来惹我” "Don't mess with me."
如果章鱼仍浑然不知 If the octopus still doesn't get the message...
朝它的软肋戳一下也许会知难而退 ...maybe a shot to the chops will set him straight.
北面千里之外 在加拿大卑诗省寒冷的海里 A thousand miles north, in the frigid waters of British Columbia...
生活着一种章鱼 那才是真正的海怪 ...lives an octopus that is truly a sea monster.
巨型太平洋章鱼 The giant Pacific octopus.
这只现在重约50磅 This one weighs about 50 pounds...
但可能长成200磅的庞然大物…… ...but he may grow up to weigh more than 200...
伸长的触须可达20英尺 ...with tentacles that could stretch more than 20 feet across.
它是百变高手 He's a master of disguise.
当它移动时会随环境的变化 As he moves, he changes both his color and texture...
改变自己颜色和形态 ...to match his surroundings.
这只章鱼正在捕猎 This octopus is on the hunt.
它最喜欢吃蟹 And hus favorite food is crab.
它视力一般 His eyesight is only fair...
但只要稍微碰到猎物它就会展开进攻 ...but the lightest brush against his prey, and the octopus attacks.
它吃掉每一点蟹肉 He extracts every morsel of crabmeat...
然后吐出壳 ...then ejects the remains.
在海藻林里捕猎者和猎物的平衡 In the kelp forest, there is an ever-changing balance...
随时在变化 ...between predator and prey.
但变化太剧烈会令整个生态系统失衡 But dramatic shifts can cause entire ecosystems to crumble.
比如海胆吃海藻 For instance, sea urchins eat kelp.
但如果海胆数量剧增 海藻就会消失 But if the urchin population explodes, the kelp could disappear.
动物再一次出来帮助保持平衡 Once againm there are animals that help preserve the balance.
其中之一是鳗狼鱼 One of them is the wolf eel.
它的面孔只有它妈妈会喜欢 Certainly a face only a mother could love.
它看似妖魔 Though he looks like an ogre...
但对社区却很重要 ...he's important to this whole community.
鳗狼鱼吃海胆 Wolf eels eat sea urchins.
这是它的晚餐 And there's supper.
这样鳗狼鱼靠吃海胆保护了海藻林 So as the wolf eel dines on urchins, he helps protect the forest.
就像大法螺保护珊瑚礁一样 Just as the triton trumpet snail helps protect the coral reef.
夜幕低垂…… Night falls...
地球上最大规模的迁徙开始了 ...and with it, begins the largest migration on Earth.
受月光吸引 Attracted by moonlight...
浮游生物成群结队的升到水面 ...vast swarms of plankton rise up from the deep.
紧随其后的…… And following right behind them...
是夜间出没的水手 ...the night hunters:
蝠鲼 Giant manta rays.
它两翼之间有6米长 They can span 18 feet, wingtip to wingtip.
它们只吃浮游生物 They feed only on plankton...
一次能吞进上百万的小生物 ...scooping up millions of tiny prey in a single pass.
海洋中没有哪个猎手有他的姿势优美 No ocean predator is more graceful.
在科特斯海 In the Sea of Coryes...
夜间活动的鱼儿们开饭了 ...nocturnal fish come up to join the feast.
升上来的…… And rising to feed on them...
是你恶梦中的怪物 ...the creatures of your nightmares:
美洲大赤鱿 Humboldt squid.
有的6米来长可重达60公斤 Some are more than 6 feet long and can weigh as much as 130 pounds.
它们每秒钟变色好几次 They changes their color several times each second.
可能是兴奋 Maybe it's excitement.
或是威胁 Or maybe it's a threat.
甚至是愤怒 Maybe even rage.
它们肆意攻击一切东西 They'll attack almost anything.
鲨鱼，人类…… Sharks, humans...
甚至互相残杀 ...even each other.
北卡罗来纳州附近的海底有艘沉船 A shipwreck lies on the ocean floor off North Carolina.
一片废墟上点缀着几处天然珊瑚礁 It's a desert here, with few natural reefs.
现在沉船成了珊瑚礁 Now the wreck itself has become a reef...
小鱼虾们在此栖息 ...a shelter for these little fish.
不过有的也不小 And some not so little.
莎虎鲨 The sand tiger shark.
它们喜欢在这里觅食 They like to hunt here.
但鲨鱼与小鱼之间有着惊人的默契 But there's a surprising bond between the sharks and these small fish.
鱼群不但不躲避鲨鱼 反而聚集在它周围 Instead of hiding from the shark, schools of small fish gather round...
利用鲨鱼来防御金枪鱼、梭鱼及其他捕猎者的进攻 ...using him as protection from tuna, jacks and other predators.
这样当鲨鱼在沉船残骸之间的荒野游弋时 So the sharks provide another kind of sanctuary for small fish...
为小鱼们提供了另一种保护 ...as they travel from wreck to wreck across this desert of open sand.
在柠檬鲨与短鮣鱼之间 Between lemon sharks and remoras...
谁是受益者已经很明显 ...it's easy to see who benefits.
搭上鲨鱼的顺风车还能帮它找到食物 By hitching a ride on the shark, the suckerfish can count on finding food.
我们很难想象鲨鱼会助人为乐 We're not used to thinking of sharks as helpful creatures.
也许是不明显 It may not be obvious...
但珊瑚礁的生存确实有赖于鲨鱼和其它大型的捕猎者 ...but the corak reef owes its very survival to sharks and other large predators.
它们是生态平衡的一环 They're part of the balance.
我们知道平衡时刻都在变化 We know the balance is always shifting...
但现在面临崩溃 ...but now it's falling apart.
在过去50年里 In the last 50 years...
90%的大型鱼类被捕捞 ...90 percent of all the big fish have been taken from the ocean.
我们向海洋索取的太多了…… We are taking more than the ocean can give.
我们现在知道捕杀鲨鱼是珊瑚礁死亡的一个原因 We now know that the killing of sharks is one reason whu coral reefs are dying.
过度捕捞使一个又一个的物种灭绝 Overfishing is decimating one species after another.
整个生态系统 Entire ecosystems...
面临瓦解…… ...have begun to unravel.
但每年 八月份圆月后的第八个晚上 But every year, eight nights after the full moon in August...
奇观出现了 ...something miraculous happens.
今晚，在墨西哥湾，在花园海岸 Tonight, in the Gulf of Mexico, on the flower garden banks...
整个珊瑚礁将会产卵 ...the entire coral reef will spawn.
日落后准一个小时 Precisely one hour after sunset...
珊瑚虫开始射出卵子 ...coral polyps begin jetting spawn into the night sea.
先是老珊瑚释放出一胞胞卵子 Brain corals begin releasing tiny packets of eggs.
之后是新珊瑚 Then star corals.
为什么千百万各种各样的珊瑚虫…… How is it that millions of tiny polyps...
会选在 ...from all these corals...
同一晚上、同一时刻产卵呢？ ...choose this single moment, on this single night to spawn?
这些没有眼睛观看 How do animals that have no eyes to see...
没有头脑思想的动物 ...or brains to think...
是怎样准确无误的协调这次活动的呢？ ...coordinate this event with such precision?
至今仍然是个谜 That remains a mystery.
这些漂浮着的繁星就是珊瑚礁的未来 These drifting galaxies are the future of the coral reef.
这些珊瑚幼虫大多数会消失在深海中…… Most will be lost in the depths...
但那少数的幸运儿 ...but with luck, a few tiny coral larvae...
将在远处的什么地方安顿下来 ...will settle somewhere far away...
生出新的珊瑚礁 ...and give birth to new reefs.
和新的生活 And new life.
不久前 Not so long ago...
我们对生活在海洋世界的生物知之甚少 ...we knew almost nothing about the creatures living in this ocean world.
现在我们开始和它们交朋友 Now we are beginning to acquaint ourselves with them.
这条幼小的南陆脊鲸表现出对我们的极大兴趣 This young right whale is as interested in us as we are in him.
我们开始懂得 At last, we're beginning to learn...
无论是在水上还是水下 ...how important all species are to each other...
物种之间的关系何等重要 ...above and below the surface.
再清楚不过,我们的命运 And it's clear that our own destiny...
与它们息息相关 ...is linked to theirs.